1.2 5-axis machining machine tool and the rapid development
1.2 5轴联动加工和复合加工机床快速发展
Using 5-axis machining of 3D components, the best available tool for cutting geometry not only finish high. but also greatly increase efficiency. Generally believed that one 5-axis machine efficiency can mean 2, 3-axis machine tools. particularly the use of cubic boron nitride and other superhard materials for high-speed milling of hardened steel cutter parts, 5-axis machining for more than three-axis machining efficiency. But for the past five-axis
CNC system mainframe complex reasons, their prices several times higher than the 3-axis CNC machine tools, plus programming techniques rather difficult. constraining the development of a five-axis machine tools. At present, due to a spindle, enabling 5-axis machining spindle head of composite structures simplified. manufacturing difficulties and costs lowered significantly, reducing the gap between the price of CNC system. So for the first type of compound axis and 5-axis machine machine tool (including five surface Machine) development. In Hannover Expo, the new machine in Japan for the first 5 axis surface machining machine compound. four vertical plane processing can be realized and arbitrary angle processing, 5 5-axis machining and surface processing makes on the same machine can be achieved, but also to achieve the processing of tilted surface and inverted cone hole. German companies DMG display DMUVoution series processing center under 5 fixture in a five-axis machining and surface processing, CAM or CNC control system can be controlled, directly or indirectly.
采用5轴联动对三维曲面零件的加工，可用刀具最佳几何形状进行切削，不仅光洁度高，而且效率也大幅度提高。一般认为，1台5轴联动机床的效率可以等于2台3轴联动机床，特别是使用立方氮化硼等超硬材料铣刀进行高速铣削淬硬钢零件时，5轴联动加工可比3轴联动加工发挥更高的效益。但过去因5轴联动
数控系统、主机结构复杂等原因，其价格要比3轴联动数控机床高出数倍，加之编程技术难度较大，制约了5轴联动机床的发展。当前由于电主轴的出现，使得实现5轴联动加工的复合主轴头结构大为简化，其制造难度和成本大幅度降低，数控系统的价格差距缩小。因此促进了复合主轴头类型5轴联动机床和复合加工机床（含5面加工机床）的发展。 在EMO2001展会上，新日本工机的5面加工机床采用复合主轴头，可实现4个垂直平面的加工和任意角度的加工，使得5面加工和5轴加工可在同一台机床上实现，还可实现倾斜面和倒锥孔的加工。德国DMG公司展出DMUVoution系列
加工中心，可在一次装夹下5面加工和5轴联动加工，可由CNC系统控制或
CAD/CAM直接或间接控制。
1.3 intelligent, open-end, the network has become the main trends in contemporary development of NC System
1.3 智能化、开放式、网络化成为当代数控系统发展的主要趋势
CNC equipment to the 21st century is quite intelligent system Intelligent include : all aspects of the NC system for the pursuit of intelligent processing efficiency and quality, If processing the adaptive control, automatic generation parameters; To improve driving performance and convenience of the users of intelligence If feedforward control, the electrical parameters of the adaptive computing, automatic identification load automatically selected model, self-tuning; simplify programming, Intelligent streamline operations, such as the intelligent automatic programming and intelligent man-machine interface; There intelligent diagnosis. Intelligent monitoring the content to facilitate the diagnosis and maintenance. NC system for the traditional NC software industry closed and production problems that existed. Many countries to open CNC system, American NGC (The Next Generation Work-Station/Ma chine Control). EC OSACA (Open System Architecture for Contr o within Automation Systems) Japan's OSEC (Open System Environment for Controll r). China's ONC (Open Numerical Control System). NC NC system, the future has become an open road. NC NC system is the so-called open system in the development of a unified operating platform. machine tool manufacturers and end-users, to change, increasing or prune object structure (NC function), serialized form. users can conveniently be applied to the special technical know-how and integrated control system to quickly achieve different varieties, Open CNC different grades, creating a distinctive brand personality. NC now open system architecture standard communications standards, standardized configuration, the operating platform, NC NC system and reservoir system software development tools is the core of the current study. Network equipment last two internationally renowned NC Machine Tool Expo a new bright spot. NC network equipment will greatly satisfy production lines, manufacturing systems, manufacturing enterprise information integration on demand Agile manufacturing as well as creating a new, virtual enterprises on the basis of a global manufacturing unit. NC NC Machine and some famous foreign companies in the past two years to create a related new concepts and prototype Show in Hannover, Japan's Yamazaki Mazak (Mazak) exhibits "CyberProduction Cente r "(intelligent production control center CPC); Japan cove (42nd meeting) Machine Company display "plaza IT" (Information Technology Square. listed IT Plaza); Germany's Siemens (Siemens) displayed in the Open Manufacturing Company Envi ronment (open manufacturing environment, called OME). NC machine to the network reflects the direction of the trend.
21世纪的数控装备将是具有一定智能化的系统，智能化的内容包括在数控系统中的各个方面：为追求加工效率和加工质量方面的智能化，如加工过程的自适应控制，工艺参数自动生成；为提高驱动性能及使用连接方便的智能化，如前馈控制、电机参数的自适应运算、自动识别负载自动选定模型、自整定等；简化编程、简化操作方面的智能化，如智能化的自动编程、智能化的人机界面等；还有智能诊断、智能监控方面的内容、方便系统的诊断及维修等。为解决传统的数控系统封闭性和数控应用软件的产业化生产存在的问题。目前许多国家对开放式数控系统进行研究，如美国的NGC(The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control)、欧共体的OSACA(Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems)、日本的OSEC(Open System Environment for Controller)，中国的ONC(Open Numerical Control System)等。数控系统开放化已经成为数控系统的未来之路。所谓开放式数控系统就是数控系统的开发可以在统一的运行平台上，面向机床厂家和最终用户，通过改变、增加或剪裁结构对象（数控功能），形成系列化，并可方便地将用户的特殊应用和技术诀窍集成到控制系统中，快速实现不同品种、不同档次的开放式数控系统，形成具有鲜明个性的名牌产品。目前开放式数控系统的体系结构规范、通信规范、配置规范、运行平台、数控系统功能库以及数控系统功能软件开发工具等是当前研究的核心。网络化数控装备是近两年国际著名机床博览会的一个新亮点。数控装备的网络化将极大地满足生产线、制造系统、制造企业对信息集成的需求，也是实现新的制造模式如敏捷制造、虚拟企业、全球制造的基础单元。国内外一些著名数控机床和数控系统制造公司都在近两年推出了相关的新概念和样机，如在EMO2001展中，日本山崎马扎克（Mazak)公司展出的“CyberProduction Center”（智能生产控制中心，简称CPC)；日本大隈（Okuma）机床公司展出“IT plaza”（信息技术广场，简称IT广场)；德国西门子(Siemens)公司展出的Open Manufacturing Environment（开放制造环境，简称OME）等，反映了数控机床加工向网络化方向发展的趋势。
